Microneedling, sometimes called collagen induction therapy, is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure that involves repeatedly puncturing the skin with tiny, sterile needles. This process creates controlled micro-injuries, which stimulate the body’s natural healing response and promote collagen and elastin production. While microneedling is often used to address cosmetic concerns like wrinkles, scars, and stretch marks, it is also an effective treatment for acne. This article explores the effectiveness, side effects, types of devices, and aftercare associated with microneedling for acne.
Effectiveness of Microneedling for Acne
Acne is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit that can occur at any point in life. Currently, no ideal treatment exists as many mainstay prescription treatment modalities can compromise the skin microbiome or have harmful health effects. Microneedling is emerging as a popular solution for this widespread skin condition.
Several studies have investigated the efficacy of microneedling in treating acne. One clinical study published in the Skin Health and Disease journal explored the safety and effectiveness of microneedling for acne vulgaris. The study involved two groups of participants: one group received three treatments four weeks apart, while the other received four treatments two weeks apart. At the two-month follow-up, both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions compared to baseline. This highlights the versatility of microneedling in addressing different types of acne lesions.
Specifically, Group 1 experienced a 48.20% decrease in non-inflammatory lesions and a 57.97% decrease in inflammatory lesions, while Group 2 had a 54.00% decrease in non-inflammatory lesions and a 36.67% decrease in inflammatory lesions. Another study highlighted in Dermatology Times echoed these findings, reporting a significant reduction in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions. In this study, the average Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score, a measure of acne severity, decreased from 2.11 to 1.11 in Group 1 and from 2.33 to 1.33 in Group 2. Notably, 100% of participants in this study expressed satisfaction with their results and would recommend microneedling to treat acne vulgaris.
Microneedling’s effectiveness in treating acne can be attributed to its multifaceted mechanism of action:
- Reduce inflammation: Microneedling helps expedite the healing process of existing acne lesions by reducing inflammation, a key driver of acne breakouts.
- Stimulate collagen production: By increasing the production of collagen and elastin, microneedling improves skin texture and firmness, which can help minimise the appearance of acne scars.
- Enhance product absorption: The micro-channels created during microneedling allow for deeper penetration of topical skincare products, potentially increasing their effectiveness in treating acne.
- Reduce pore size: Microneedling can help minimise the appearance of enlarged pores, a common concern for those with acne-prone skin.
- Preserve the skin microbiome: Unlike some other acne treatments, microneedling does not disrupt the skin’s natural microbiome, which is essential for maintaining healthy skin.
- It does not damage sebaceous glands: Microneedling does not harm the sebaceous glands, which are responsible for producing oil in the skin, making it a suitable option for those with acne.
Furthermore, microneedling pens offer a personalised approach to acne treatment. These devices can be customised to target specific skin concerns and areas of the face and body, making them suitable for various acne scar types.
It’s important to note that results from microneedling appear gradually as the body produces collagen. While some individuals may see improvement within a few weeks, it usually takes a month or two to see full results.
Side Effects and Risks of Microneedling for Acne
While generally considered very safe, microneedling can cause some temporary side effects. These commonly include:
- Redness: Skin may appear red and flushed for a few days after the procedure.
- Swelling: Mild swelling may occur around the treated area.
- Skin flaking: The skin may peel or flake as it heals.
- Bruising: Some patients may experience minor bruising.
To minimise side effects, it’s important to choose a qualified and experienced practitioner who uses sterile equipment and follows proper hygiene protocols.
It’s also important to distinguish between professional microneedling and at-home microneedling. At-home microneedling carries potential risks, including infection, scarring, and the accidental spread of viruses like warts and herpes across the skin. This demonstrates the importance of seeking professional treatment from a qualified practitioner.
Types of Microneedling Devices and Techniques
Various microneedling devices and techniques are available, each with its characteristics and applications. These include:
- Manual microneedling: This involves using a handheld device, such as a roller or stamp, with small needles attached. The patient or practitioner controls the pressure and movement of the device.
- Automated microneedling: This uses a motorised pen-like tool to create micro-injuries more rapidly and with greater precision.
- Fractional radiofrequency (RF) microneedling: This combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy to further stimulate collagen production and tighten the skin. RF microneedling is often used to address acne scars and improve skin texture. It also offers the added benefit of reducing oil production by shrinking sebaceous glands, making it particularly effective for acne-prone skin.
The choice of device and technique depends on an individual’s needs and the specific areas being treated. For example, devices with adjustable needle depths are often preferred for treating acne scars, as they allow for customised treatment based on the depth and severity of the scars.
Recommended Aftercare Routine
Proper aftercare is vital for optimal healing and results after microneedling for acne. Here’s a general aftercare routine:
- Cleanse gently: Use a gentle cleanser and lukewarm water to cleanse the treated area twice a day. Avoid harsh scrubbing or exfoliating products for at least 72 hours.
- Moisturise: Apply a gentle, hydrating moisturiser to soothe the skin and prevent dryness. Hyaluronic acid-based moisturisers are often recommended.
- Protect from sun: Avoid direct sun exposure for at least 24 hours after the procedure. Apply sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher when going outside.
- Avoid certain products: Refrain from using makeup, exfoliants, retinols, and vitamin C serums for at least 24 to 48 hours after treatment.
- Avoid strenuous activities: Do not exercise, swim, or use saunas or steam rooms for at least 24 hours after the procedure.
While dermatologists often say that most patients can return to normal activities within 24 hours, it’s essential to consider individual skin sensitivity and the intensity of the treatment. It’s generally advisable to follow the aftercare instructions provided by your practitioner and avoid any activities that could irritate or injure the treated skin.
Cost of Microneedling for Acne
- The cost of microneedling for acne will vary significantly depending on several factors, including:
- Location: Prices tend to be higher in cities and upscale clinics.
- Treatment area: Larger or multiple treatment areas will generally cost more.
- Device used: More advanced devices, such as those with RF technology, may be more expensive.
- Number of sessions: Multiple sessions are usually required for optimal results, and the overall cost will increase with the number of sessions.
Insurance Coverage for Microneedling
Microneedling is generally considered a cosmetic procedure and is not typically covered by insurance. However, there may be exceptions in cases where microneedling is deemed medically necessary, such as for treating scars resulting from traumatic injuries or surgery. In such cases, you’ll be asked to provide the insurance company with documentation from a doctor explaining the procedure’s medical necessity.
Conclusion
Microneedling is emerging as a promising treatment option for acne and acne scars. By creating controlled micro-injuries, it stimulates the body’s natural healing processes, promotes collagen production, and improves skin texture. This makes it a valuable tool in addressing the challenges of acne, a condition for which an ideal treatment has been elusive.
The research suggests that microneedling is effective for both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions, offering a versatile approach to acne management. Moreover, unlike some other acne treatments, microneedling does not disrupt the skin microbiome or damage sebaceous glands, making it a potentially gentler option for those with sensitive skin.